Negotiation techniques

Recently, I attended a seminar about effective communication in the work world, anticipating the part in the program when the featured speaker would teach us how to negotiate.

I was starting my own business, with promotion an important part of my game plan to success, and I wanted to learn the most effective way for getting what I wanted out of a deal.

The seminar was almost over when the speaker told us she had a few minutes left to tell us about how best to negotiate a deal. She said the lesson involved arm wrestling, so, if we would turn to the person next to us, and clasp hands, elbows on the table, we could start with the lesson.

Everyone laughed. We weren't planning on having to hold hands with our neighbors, let alone arm wrestle. It was a little embarrassing, to say the least.

I looked at the woman next to me, and she was a solid lady, muscular from cleaning corporate offices. We were seated at the table in front of the room, so, I didn't want to lose. We grasped one another's hands, elbows to the table. Her grip was dry and strong. Mine was loose. I didn't want her to think I was trying.

Before telling us to "GO!", our instructor added this last bit of information. She told us that everytime we forced our opponent's hand to the table, we would win $1,000.00. Then she said,"Go"!

The cleaning lady and I pushed against each other arm to arm, palm to palm. I could feel the strain of keeping my arm up all the way to my toes. At the end of 12 seconds, our leader called time's up! She asked how many of us won $1000.00. A few women raised their hands. Then she asked a strange question. She asked how many of us had made more than $1000.00. Two women raised their hands. They were partners in the arm wrestling, and they managed to make $10,000.00 in 12 seconds.

Everyone gasped. "How did you do that?" our leader asked.

"We did this," one of them answered. They demonstrated by holding hands while they pushed each other's arms to the table--back and forth--back and forth---as fast as they could. Each hit won them $1,000.00 imaginary dollars.

As the point of the lesson hit home,I more than learned what I had come to learn. Negotiating in the right way is a win-win situation. Everyone profits. Good negotiation is cooperation.

How have I used this valuable lesson in the work world?

I have a radio show. I highlight area musicians, writers, poets, you name it. One lady that I interviewed was grateful for the free exposure. In return for my free promotion of her, she wrote a song to preface my program--giving it a much more professional sound.

This has caused my program to be picked up by other stations. Which has increased my audience--and hers!

She and I have never charged one another a dime for our mutual services and support. But, our negotiations always take us places we could never have reached alone.

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Starting your own small business

Starting your own business is not a difficult process. Just follow a few well thought out and organized steps and you can be well on your way to success. Starting your own business can be challenging as well as fun.

How to go about starting your own business? First you must decide what you want to do. Make a list of of all the skills you possess. Anything from work experience to every day tasks that you do, yet take for granted. Tasks such as driving a car, shopping, cleaning, cooking, job experience such as secretarial proceedures, office management or healthcare. Then decide what you enjoy doing and is it something that you can offer the community as a service? Once that's decided the rest is strictly by the book. So, if you happen to choose a cleaning service or a day care then you would concentrate in that area of interest and start from there. Following is a list of steps that should start you in the right direction to follow your dream of owning your own business.

1. Decide what service you will offer.

2. Research the area you live in/near and find out if it's a service that is needed.

3. Work out a budget listing start up costs. Some expense will be licensing, office supplies, phone service, book-keeping services and a fax machine.

4. How much money can you live off of until you get your first income from your business? Where can you cut corners to stretch you money?

5. Will you need to hire staff for your business or can you work solo?

6. Make a list and keep checking items off or adding items in. Frequently check your list.

7. Will you continue working full time or will you quit your job and devote your time to your new business? More specifically ask yourself if you can afford to quit your job and work full time at your new business. Many people decide to work part-time at a new business and stay with thier full time job so they can keep a steady income coming in while the new business gets off the ground.

8. Apply to your State for a Trade Name. This will cost apprximately fifty to one hundred dollars.

9. Once you've decided on what type of business you are creating then you'll have to apply for your licensing. For food service of any type, bakery, sub shop, pizza shop, etc., apply with the Department of Food Protection. Follow these guidelines for any type of business whether it be food service, cleaning service, marketing and so on. Call your appropriate State Office. If you get the wrong office don't fret, they will guide you to the correct one.

10. Decide whether your business will be in-home or out of home. In-home is much less expensive and you can still claim part of it on your year end taxes. Factor in the costs carefully.

11. Decide whether you want to incorporate or be a sole-proprietor. Incorporating costs money. Staying a sole proprietor costs nothing and it only means that you individually own your business.

12. Once you've applied for a licence with the appropriate State Agency you will be assinged an EIN number. This will be used for tax and identification purposes. Also it will be used to open up a business checking account. At this point finding a book-keeping service is recommended. A book-keeping service is fairly inexpensive and you'll find, one of your greatest resources. They will be the one's to assist you with the many tax questions you will have and with your payroll should you need to hire employees.

13. Decide whether you will be applying for a start-up loan or not. Most small businesses use savings to fund the new business or they use thier weekly paychecks.

14. Keep every purchase as low cost as possible. Be frugal, be cheap. Money is the name of the game here and don't spend any that you don't have to. Instead of purchasing new, buy used. Have friends and family buy you supplies for birthdays and Christmas. Be creative....be frugal.

15. Advertising. The big worry right? Wrong. If you have access to a phone, a photocopier and a fax you have a world of advertising at your fingertips. Make flyers on your computer and have friends, family and everyone you know post flyers up all over the area you are targetting. Use the local markets, post offices, telephone booths, telephone poles, libraries, shopping malls to your benefit. It's free and just takes a little energy and time. Have all your friends spread the great news! Word of mouth is the greatest advertisment of all and it's free.

16. Begin building a customer base through the telephone and the fax machine. Cold calling is hard when you first try it but it does get easier each and every time. Fax your flyers out to all the business's in the telephone book and follow up with a phone call. "Hi, my name is ....and I work for ..XYZ..company. I am offering this...for this price.... Can I interest you in the services I am offering?" Simple eh? Keep your pricing comperable to the competition. Offer introductory specials. Call other companies of similar services and check out thier pricing. Keep a running list of who you've contacted and follow up. Be persistant. It will pay off. Follow up with a Thank You note. Customers and potential customers appreciate this. Even if they haven't yet agreed to using your services a quick note will remind them that you are out there in case they are dissatisfied with thier current vendor. You may not get their business on the first try but eventually you will.

17. Set up your office. You only need a few basic peices of equipment. A desk, chair, fax and phone, some paper supplies and a phone book. If you have a computer it would be helpful. Keep you space organized and neat. There's nothing worse than being on the phone with a customer and not being able to find what your looking for. If you have a computer start setting up your files, if not use a spare desk in the drawer. Keep strict record of telephone numbers, addrs, contact names and services performed or requested.

18. Set your hours and stick to them. Let your family know that these are the hours you have to work and that it is important to you. Customers hate nothing worse than to call you during business hours only to find you are closed. This will cost you business.

Starting your own business is rewarding and fun. But it is also very hard work. You must approach it as you would a career and you must be persistent. Plan on spending most of your free time devoting yourself to making your business work. It takes time but in the long run it is well worth it. If you are serious then it will work for you.

Following is a list of ideas for business:

Bakery, Cleaning Service, Home Based Typing Service, Health Care Agency -Temporary Staffing, Coffee/Sandwich Shop, Shopping Service, Day Care, Ghost Writing Service, Resume Writing Service, Research Specialist, Novelty Items such as bath oils, soaps,

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Starting small businesses

Starting your own business is a big venture and has probably been everyone’s dream at one time or another. It doesn’t have to be just a dream and with a little planning and persistence you can make your dream a reality. Plan out your business ahead of time, decide what the business will be and what you will and will not deal with in terms of products and services. Scope out your competition and make sure your business is in a demographically advantageous area for whatever your goods or services may be. Don’t, for example, open a hardware store in a town that already has three. Look for a location that will benefit your business.

You will want to register your business before you get started. You must decide if you want to be incorporated or not. An accountant can help you decide what is right for you. You must register the name of your business with your county and make sure that no other business is using that name. There is a nominal fee to do this and it only takes a few minutes to fill out the application. You will need this registration in order to do such things as open business accounts at your local bank and you will want to be sure that the name you have chosen has not been used before you have any business cards, letterheads or signs made up.

Once you have chosen your location, get a feel for the average rental costs in your area in order to help calculate how much your start up and maintenance costs will be. You will have to pay security costs to acquire your rental property unless you are planning to purchase the property for your business. Calculate also, what you will need as far as inventory to get started and try to have some customers lined up before you even hang your sign on the door. Don’t forget to acquire liability insurance and decide how many employees you will need. All of these things need to be considered when you decide how much money you will need to start your business. Get everything sorted out before you go to the bank so there will be no surprises.

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How to start an antique business on a shoestring budget

The business of buying and selling antiques is a wonderful experience for anyone with a spirit of entrepreneurship. And surprisingly enough, it takes far less investment capital than one might think.

For many, ‘antiquing’ begins as a hobby that can quickly evolve into a passion. Many collectors develop a true ‘love’ for certain, collectible items. All antiques have a story and often times, the story is far more important than the item was in its prime. It has often been said that “there's a collector for everything and something for every collector.” Therefore, the entrepreneur can safely assume that there’s a buyer for everything under the sun. But how does one find these buyers? What of start-up cost and overhead? Should you advertise? And how does the ‘collectible’ market compliment the antique market? As with every new project, you need a plan. Let’s examine some ways to break into the antique and collectible business with a minimum of investment.

First, you should do your homework. Most new antique dealers wisely begin with a modest inventory, selected after first testing the local markets. You need an idea of what sells and what doesn’t. Now, keep in mind that just about everything will sell, eventually. But you need a product that’s fairly accessible and moves quickly. Where do you find such a product? For starters, check your local newspapers and find auctions in your area. Household and estate auctions are excellent sources of information on the relative value of an item in your area. Pay close attention to the numbers of people that bid on a particular type of item. Glassware may be a hot commodity in your area. Or it may go ‘dirt cheap.’ You need to be aware of the local supply and demand before you settle on a given item line. This doesn’t mean you should restrict yourself to only a few items. It just means that by keeping you inventory to a few product lines, you can become more knowledgeable in less time. And to the antique dealer, product knowledge is everything.

Local estate sales can also be a valuable source of both knowledge and inventory. But be wary of first day prices. Most estate sales last two to three days. The first day, most prices are inflated and will gradually decrease as the sale progresses. Don’t let personal tastes interfere with your sense of business. If you pay that first day price, you're likely paying retail. A dealer who buys at retail market prices will quickly go out of business. You need the bargains, even if means settling for a slightly less desirable item.

Arm yourself with some much needed expertise by visiting your local bookstore. There are some excellent price guides available, many with hints on how to spot forgeries and fakes. One note on this subject. When looking at the price guides, remember that they are just that: a guide. Nothing is ever written in stone and you may find a wide disparity in regional prices. Abingdon pottery is extremely popular and moderately expensive in the Northeast U.S., but is found at ‘give-away’ prices in the Midwest. Know your market.

You’ve got some inventory at this point and the question is where do you find the buyers? The finest antiques in the world are worthless unless you have a buyer. One solution is ‘flea market malls.’ Don’t be mislead by the name. Flea market malls are viable outlets for both antiques and collectibles. They come in all shapes and sizes, some dealing only in upscale items while others are more modest in inventory. There are some tremendous advantages to these outlets and it may be worth your while to do a little investigating. Most malls rent out space to vendors, allowing the vendor to arrange the displays, attach prices and leave instructions for negotiations. The mall will handle the actual sales then pay the vendors on a regular schedule, such as weekly or bi-monthly. This leaves the vendor free to search for new items to dale. So malls charge a small commission in addition tom the rental space while others charge nothing but the fee for the space used. Check around for the best deal in your area.

Another option is the internet. There a host of online auction services, featuring regular, dependable ‘shoppers.’ The buyer is only a click away with such internet powerhouses as Ebay.com and Yahoo Auctions. These companies actually act as a broker, allowing you to set a minimum price on your item, then posting the item along with pictures and text descriptions. This is by far the most ‘overhead free’ method of getting into the antique business . Whichever method you choose, remember, there’s a buyer for everything. You just need the product.

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Information and resources on becoming an amateur radio operator

Becoming an Amateur Radio Operator is as easy as it is rewarding. It is best to begin by contacting the Amateur Radio Club (or Ham Club as they are commonly known) in your area. Some Ham Clubs work closely with city and county offices providing communications during community events and/or natural disasters, therefore paying a visit to a local town hall or county seat is often beneficial. These offices will most likely be able to provide names of area Amateur Radio enthusiast. If, however, there is no local information, an interested party may contact the American Radio Relay League directly by searching for them on the Net. This web site provides a listing of over 2,000 affiliated Ham Clubs. By simply typing in some general location information, a specific area or regional club should be easy to find.

After locating an area club and talking with some of its active members, it may be appropriate to attend an actual meeting. This first hand exposure to both long time and newly licensed Amateur Radio operators provides a clear picture of what Ham Radio is all about - licensed individuals of all ages and walks of life joining together in the common hobby of communications.

The next step is actually obtaining a beginner’s license. Although rules for earning an Amateur Radio license may vary some from country to country, in the United States the most popular beginner’s license is the Technician Class license. This license is obtained by correctly answering a 35 multiple-choice test written with the beginner in mind. This test does not require the knowledge of Morse code as do future licensing upgrades, but covers questions regarding basic regulations, operating practices, and electronics theory. Successful completion of this test authorizes new operators to use all amateur VHF and UHF frequencies above 50 MHz. In preparing for the exam, be sure to check with area Ham Clubs for training classes and review sessions which are generally offered. Purchasing the book, “Now You’re Talking! All You Need For Your First Amateur Radio License” may also be a sound investment on the road to achieving Technician status.

After acquiring the beginner’s license, check with other Ham Radio operators for detailed information on the purchases of two-way radio equipment. Long time Hams will know the areas most reliable retail businesses as well as on-line outlet stores. Also, consider attending a Hamfest (which to the layman might best be described as the ultimate flea market for radio equipment.) It would be wise to have an accomplished Amateur Radio operator accompany a first time buyer to such an event.

With the Technician Class achieved, moving up the licensing ladder to the General Class will prove to be a giant step in operating privileges. Achieving the status of General allows for both cross-country and word-wide communications.

The third class license entitled Extra Class authorizes its licensees to operate on all frequencies allocated to the Amateur Service. Both of these Class upgrades require comprehensive testing. Again, valuable instruction and review are available through area Ham Clubs.

So for the would-be Amateur Radio operator, advice is simple. Locate an area Ham club, utilize the assistance of knowledgable Ham operators, glean the benefits of the skills acquired, and enjoy a hobby that connects those involved with the entire world.

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Career advice: how to become a pilot

The aviation industry is an exciting career path to choose; becoming a pilot is equally exciting. You’ve made that decision, now you need to figure out how to get there. Fifty years ago your only choice would be to fly in the military; however, airlines now hire both ex-military and civilian pilots. Although choosing the civilian route is more expensive, it does allow you to make more choices regarding your flight training and career. The path to becoming a professional pilot will require you to choose where to complete your flight training, how you will build up your flying hours, and what type of flying—airline, corporate, fractional, or cargo—you want to pursue.

Two types of flight schools exist: college programs that offer a degree along with the flying (bachelor degree in flight operations) or a flight school at a fixed-based operator (FBO) that only offers courses associated to flying. Both options have positive aspects. By attending a college to complete your flight training, you’ll earn a degree in the process (currently, not all airlines require a degree, but more airlines are adding that as a requirement), you may qualify for financial aid that will help cut the costs of flying, and you will have the degree to fall back on in case you no longer want to fly. A flight school is beneficial because it takes less time to complete (on average a year for all of the flight training versus four years for college), the scheduling is more flexible (better for families or someone who needs to work full-time), and it is solely focused on flying.

Once you choose where to complete your flight training, you will follow a sequence of courses, earning different licenses and ratings. First, you will work towards your private pilot’s license, which allows you to fly small, single-engine airplanes in certain meteorological conditions (visual flight rules—known as VFR—means you must remain a certain distance from clouds and poor-visibility weather). After this point, you will work towards your first rating—an instrument rating. Now you will be able to fly by instrument flight rules (IFR) through clouds and weather conditions where there is poor visibility.

After earning your private pilot’s license and instrument rating, you will work towards your commercial license; once you complete this, you will be able to receive money for flying. Then, you will work on a multi-engine rating. At this point, you will be qualified to fly single- or multi-engine airplanes in any type of weather condition for hire. You will have to make a decision: do you want to continue your flight training or try to find a flying job with your qualifications?

If you continue your training, you will earn your Certified Flight Instructor’s (CFI) certificate. You will also want to earn your instructor’s certificate for multi-engine and instrument, allowing yourself the opportunity for more students. Being a flight instructor will officially be your first job as a pilot; however, your primary focus at this point is building your total flight hours.

If you try to find a flying job other than flight instructing, you will not have many choices. Because you won’t have a lot of flight hours or experience, you probably won’t find an airline that will hire you. Other options include flying at a skydiving operation or fly for a banner towing company. Again, like the flight instructor’s job, your primary focus is to increase your total number of hours flying.

Once you have enough flight hours to meet the qualifications at companies, you can start looking and applying for jobs as a professional pilot. Different types of professional flying jobs exist: airline, corporate, fractional, and cargo. An airline is a company that flies passengers on a set and regular schedule; airlines range in size from regional companies that fly small, turbo-prop airplanes to the major airlines flying 747s. A corporate flying job would be flying an airplane privately owned by a company to wherever it was needed to go. A fractional company is similar to a corporate job because both do not follow a set flight schedule; however, a fractional company is similar to a timeshare at a condominium: many different people own a fraction of time with the airplane. Finally, a cargo company doesn’t carry passengers—only cargo—and it follows a more structured schedule than the corporate or fractional company.

Each type of flying has its benefits and its downfalls; the best research is to talk with a wide variety of pilots and hear what they have to say first-hand about their company and type of flying. No matter what path you choose, your experiences flying will be great. And many more options beyond the ones here exist—airshow pilots, aerial photography, and medical flights, just to name a few. You can become a pilot with some hard work and dedication.

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Preparing for a career in biological research

These tips are designed to help high school students and college students gain valuable research experience prior to graduating from college. This assumes the student is already interested in biological research and wishes to pursue a career in the field.

Stay calm.

First and foremost, don't be intimidated. If you've made up your mind that research interests you, then go for it. People who work in research are attracted to self-motivated and confident students who bring something to the research community. A lab is a close-knit family, of sorts. You will work a lot with these people. They will be your friends and mentors as you grow. Treat them with respect, learn to love them, and your research experience will be that much greater. Have fun, stay calm, and enjoy yourself.

Prepare academically and assess your natural talents.

If you want to work in a biology lab, you must know basic biology. High school biology courses give a broad overview that introduce you to a variety of topics, but research requires a much greater depth of knowledge. It's to your advantage to take a college-level introductory biology course and lab. You won't learn everything you need to know, but it will provide a foundation on which you can build your experience. You will find that you have a natural interest in some topics. Pursue those. Read supplementary material that is not assigned in class--the more you know, the better prepared you are. When you are an expert on the subject, you will be able to ask intelligent questions and think critically about experimental results.

Take advantage of outreach programs and research scholarships

Many universities and colleges have programs designed to help students gain real research experience. Some programs offer basic lab training, some will provide a research stipend, and others may set up extra courses and seminars to help students find a lab that interests them. Look for these programs at colleges and universities in your area. Sometimes, even hospitals and clinics will let a bright, interested student work in a lab. A number of research grants and private scholarship funds are available from companies like Beckman Instruments and Pfizer, Inc. to pay an undergraduate working in a research lab. If your grades are good and if your project is sexy, your entire undergraduate education may be funded by companies and individuals supporting your research.

Know that you'll fall, but don't give up.

Research is hard work. Expect to put a lot of time into research. Most principal investigators expect 10-20 hours a week from their undergraduate students, but you have the most to gain from 30-40 hours a week (especially when you're still learning where everything is). No matter how you prepare academically, it still takes time to learn how things work in the lab. It will be overwhelming at first, but you soon learn the vocabulary and gain the skills you need to become a productive member of the lab. When you first start, you will probably be working with a graduate student or post-doctoral fellow (post-doc) on a project they've already started. Learn everything you can from this person, and ask about anything you don't understand. Don't be afraid to ask questions. Don't pretend to understand something if you don't know what they're talking about. That only hurts yourself. You'll have to go over some things three or four times before you get it. That's normal. If you want to make progress and learn valuable skills, you must learn things one step at a time.

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Phone Interview Tips

Types of Telephone Interviews

Many companies conduct pre-employment interviews via telephone at various stages in the screening process.

Initial Pre-Screening Calls

It's quite common for the individuals responsible for coming up with a short list of potential new hires to conduct initial screening interviews by telephone. During this type of conversation, the interviewer focuses on determining whether or not the candidate has the basic skills and qualifications necessary to proceed with the interview process as well as discovering whether or not the person is truly interested in the job. This type of telephone interview is generally very brief, leading to a scheduled face-to-face interview for the best qualified candidates who are interested in pursuing employment with the company.

Formal Telephone Interviews

In some cases, in-depth interviews are conducted via telephone. This is common when the company is interviewing candidates who need to relocate in order to take the position, or in cases where the hiring manager is located in a corporate office setting rather than at the actual site where the job opening is located. After all, companies aren't likely to go through the expense of bringing in out of town applicants to interview until they have narrowed the list of possibilities down to just a few final candidates. First, and sometimes second, interviews are frequently handled by telephone.

Interviews for Virtual Workplaces

In some cases, companies rely solely on telephone interviews. Many companies are now hiring people to become members of a virtual workforce that provides services for the organization from their own home offices or satellite office locations around the world. For these types of employment situations, it's likely that the entire interview process will be conducted by telephone.

Three Key Phone Interview Tips

If you have the opportunity to participate in a phone interview, then the following tips can help you to put your best foot forward.

1. Proper Preparation

Proper interview preparation, regardless of the interview form, involves conducting research about the company and the particular type of job you are applying for. If the interviewer asks you why you have chosen to seek employment with the company, you should be able to give sound reasons based on facts that can be found on the company's website. Further, if the interviewer asks you to describe what duties you expect to perform in the position, you should be able to demonstrate that you have a basic understanding of the responsibilities commonly associated with the job title.
You should also spend some time practicing how you will respond to interview questions that you are likely to be asked. While it's impossible to know exactly what questions an interviewer will ask, it's a good idea to review a list of common interview questions when you start looking for a new job. That way, you can be prepared to provide coherent, effective responses that present you in the best possible light.

2. Convey Professionalism

Whether you are participating in a pre-screening, formal, or final interview telephone conversation, it is essential that you come across as a competent professional throughout the interaction. When you are interviewing face to face, your attire, demeanor, and nonverbal communication can help reinforce positive traits to employers. On the telephone, the impression that you make is tied solely to your voice and language skills.
In addition to providing well thought-out, intelligent answers to questions, be sure to watch your tone of voice and grammar. Take care to project confidence in your abilities. Be sure to smile as you are talking. Even though the interviewer won't be able to see that you are smiling, it will be conveyed in your voice. This will help you come across as someone with a positive, upbeat attitude.

3. Control Background Noise

When you are participating in a telephone interview, it's essential to keep background noise to a minimum. This sends a positive message about the level of professionalism that you will bring to the job if you are hired.
Turn off the television and your computer, put the pets outside, and make sure that your family knows to be quiet and avoid interrupting you during the time that you are on the telephone. If you have young children at home, this may be a good time to ask a friend or family member to babysit or take them to a mom's day out program.

Telephone Interview Success

Remember that the ultimate objective of any job interview is to convince the person in charge of hiring that you are the right choice for the job. Whether you are sitting down across a conference room table from an interviewer or if the conversation is taking place by telephone, it's up to you to come across as a skilled professional who will be a valuable addition to the company's workforce. Follow these three important phone interview tips, and you will be on your way to enjoying a positive experience the next time you have an opportunity to speak with a hiring manager via telephone.

Initial Author: Mary Gormandy White


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Ten Free Job Interview Tips

 

Research the Company Ahead of Time

When you arrive at a job interview, you should be prepared to show that you've taken the time to research and learn about the company. With so much information readily available online, interviewers expect applicants to at least take enough initiative to read through the company's website prior to showing up for an interview appointment. Almost every hiring manager asks applicants why they're interested in working for the company. Be prepared to provide a knowledgeable answer to that question that includes information about what you know about the organization and reasons that you feel you will be a good fit there.

Practice Interview Questions

Before you go to an interview, be sure that you are prepared to answer common interview questions. While you can't be certain exactly what you'll be asked, there are certain types of questions that come up in almost every employment interview situation. You can find examples of typical questions and suggestions for responding to them in the Difficult Interview Questions and Behavioral Interview Questions articles. Consider recording your responses and asking knowledgeable friends to listen to them. That way you can benefit from feedback provided by other people.

Dress for Success

You've probably heard the old saying that you never get a second chance to make a first impression, and the sentiment is certainly true. The way that you dress when you go on a job interview plays an important role in how the interviewer perceives you. While dress codes vary from one company to another, it's a good idea to dress in conservative, professional attire, no matter what kind of job you are seeking. If you are interviewing for a professional position, it's advisable to wear a dark suit. Regardless of the type of job, you should wear clothes that are clean, neatly pressed, and in good repair. You should also make sure that your shoes are scuff-free and in good condition. Accessories should be kept to a minimum. It's also a good idea to avoid wearing heavy fragrance.

Bring Your Resume and Reference Sheet

Don't assume that the interviewer will have your resume just because you have already submitted it to the company. Bring a clean copy of your resume and reference sheet printed on quality paper so that you can provide them to the hiring manager immediately if he or she requests them. It's best to carry them in a small briefcase or portfolio that coordinates with your clothing.

Arrive on Time

Avoid being tardy for a job interview appointment. Make sure to arrive a few minutes before the time you are scheduled to speak with the hiring manager, even if that means leaving home much earlier than you feel might be necessary. After all, you never know what traffic will be like between your home and the location of the interview.

Turn Off Your Cell Phone

Before you go into the building, turn off your cell phone. Do not just turn it down or set it to vibrate. Make sure that it will not make any noise at all. Do not touch it or look at it at all during the time you are in the office, not even while you are waiting for the interviewer in the lobby.

Be Polite to All Employees

Keep in mind that the interview process begins the minute you arrive on the grounds. Employees may be observing you as enter the building. They may even be taking notice as you drive into the parking lot. Treat anyone you meet while at the company with the utmost respect. Supervisors frequently ask other employees for their impressions of people who are applying for jobs. Even if you have a terrific interview with the human resource manager, you are not likely to be hired if you make a bad impression on anyone else at the company.

Greet the Interviewer Warmly

When you are called back to speak with the hiring manager, greet him or her warmly. Extend your arm for a professional handshake and introduce yourself while smiling and making eye contact. Open the conversation by thanking the interviewer for taking the time to speak with you about the position.

Focus on the Questions

Listen closely to the questions that you are being asked, being sure to answer them thoroughly and accurately. Do not get off the subject or provide personal information about yourself beyond the scope of what the interview requests.

Send a Follow-Up Letter

One of the best ways to distinguish yourself from other job applicants is to send a follow up thank you letter or note to the person who interviewed you.

Best of Luck with Your Job Search

While it's not realistic to expect that you'll be offered every job for which you submit an application, learning and applying these free job interview tips can help prepare you to make the best possible impression on hiring managers. If you have other tips to share with readers, please leave them in the comments section below.

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How to Prepare for a Job Interview

1.Step 1
Practice by going on interviews, even for jobs you have no intention of taking.

2.Step 2
Research the company thoroughly. Use the Internet, libraries and periodicals to find current information.

3.Step 3
Know the company's market, products and goals.

4.Step 4
Memorize some facts about the company and be prepared to cite them during the interview.

5.Step 5
Formulate a list of intelligent questions to ask during your interview.

6.Step 6
Talk to people who work or have worked at the company.

7.Step 7
Hang around the building in the morning, noting how the staff dresses, as well as their body language.

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How to write a successful resume

If you are the type of person who excels at job interviews, either by telephone or in person, but you find it difficult to get accepted for an interview because your resume does not quite reach the expected standards, then look no further. With years of experience in recruitment sections of large companies, I can offer you advice that will assist you in claiming an interview for your dream job.

The first step you must take is to study the advertisement for the position you wish to apply for. Many people just take a quick glance at these advertisements and then write what they feel is best to reach the stage of an interview. Read the advertisement carefully as many employers ask you to address a selection criteria. Your resume will be knocked back if you do not address these criteria’s, as it is a vital way for employers to short-list their applicants.

A selection criteria is a list of requirements needed for the vacant position. An example of one might be, “Must have experience using Excel and Word”. To address the selection criteria use the criteria as a heading, then write a short paragraph explaining why you are competent in this field. There are usually between 5 to 10 criteria’s for the position listed in order of importance. If you don’t meet the criteria for the first few listed then there is a good chance you aren’t suited for the position.

There are many positions advertised which do not use a selection criteria but ask you to write a brief summary to describe your qualifications and experience. When writing this cover sheet, I highly recommend you do not use the word ‘but’. Only mention details about yourself that you excel in. You have to sell yourself so your cover sheet must sound positive and full of confidence. An example is the requirement for having a degree in science. Mention only those subjects you excelled in and enjoyed, do not mention subjects that you failed in and had to repeat to obtain your degree. Remember you are applying for a position you know you can meet the standards of. If you aren’t confident in chemistry or physics you won’t be applying for a position that requires you to use these subjects. Your cover sheet must reflect a positive and confident attitude.

When writing a resume, include your personal details, qualifications, experience, and a list of referees. Take time to design your resume respectfully. Your first page should include your personal particulars, such as name, address, contact details, whether you have a driver’s license and your citizenship. You can add details such as personal hobbies and interests if they are relevant to the position. You only need to mention your date of birth if the position you are applying for is restricted by age. If you are asked to send in a photo of yourself it is a good idea to have one taken at a professional studio. Photographers can help cover up those bags under your eyes and assist you with make-up and hair styling.

Your second page should list your qualifications. List these qualifications in date order with the most recent one placed at the top of the page. You do not have to go into great detail. If you have a degree in Science, mention where the degree was achieved, what year it was completed, and a list of units completed which are relevant to the position you are applying for. There is no need to mention units you did not pass.

The next section will be a listing of your work experience. As with your qualifications, list these in date order starting with the most recent. Again you do not have to go into great detail about your previous positions. You can describe them in greater detail when you are interviewed. Mention the name of the company you worked for, the date you worked there, the position you held and an inclusion of duties you carried out. You do not need to mention your reasons for leaving a position.

The last section of your resume should be a list of selected referees. Write the name of the company, the name of the referee, the position they held and a contact phone number. Do not include a referee who you had past disagreements with.

As an optional page for your resume, write a short summary about your work experience. This suits people who have extensive word processing experience as you can list items such as the software packages you have used, your typing and shorthand skills and the use of other office equipment such as a dictaphone and a switchboard.

Your resume and cover sheet must reflect a confident and positive attitude. You have to tell your potential employers that you are the best person suited for the position.

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Job training methods

There are many different ways to train. Indeed, entire books have been written on the ways to deliver training. How can a manager charged with training his or her employees choose an appropriate method? This article defines some of the most common training methods and reviews pros and cons for each one.

The method by which training is delivered often varies based on the needs of the company, the trainee, and on the task being performed. The method should suit the audience, the content, the business¡¦ environment, and the learning objective. Ideally, the method chosen will motivate employees to learn, help employees prepare themselves for learning, enable the trainees to apply and practice what they've been taught, help trainees retain and transfer what they have learned, and integrate performance with other skills and knowledge.

Other factors affecting the choice of a training method include:

-Age, gender, or level of education of the trainees

-Learning styles of the trainees

-Number of trainees

-Budget

-Trainer's skills and training style

Common group training methods include:

Lecture

A lecture is the method learners often most commonly associate with college and secondary education. Yet, it is also considered one of the least effective methods to use for adult learners. In this method, one person (the trainer) does all of the talking. He or she may use handouts, visual aids, question/answer, or posters to support the lecture. Communication is primarily one-way: from the instructor to the learner.

Pros: Less time is needed for the trainer to prepare than other methods. It provides a lot of information quickly when it is less important that the trainees retain a lot of details.

Cons: Does not actively involve trainees in training process. The trainees forget much information if it is presented only orally.

Demonstration

Demonstration is very effective for basic skills training. The trainer shows trainees how to do something. The trainer may provide an opportunity for trainees to perform the task being demonstrated.

Pros: This method emphasizes the trainee involvement. It engages several senses: seeing, hearing, feeling, touching.

Cons: It requires a great deal of trainer preparation and planning. There also needs to be an adequate space for the training to take place. If the trainer is not skilled in the task being taught, poor work habits can be learned by the trainee.

Seminar

Seminars often combine several group methods: lectures, discussions, conferences, demonstrations.

Pros: Group members are involved in the training. The trainer can use many group methods as part of the seminar activity.

Cons: Planning is time-consuming. The trainer must have skill in conducting a seminar. More time is needed to conduct a seminar than is needed for many other methods.

Conference

The conference training method is a good problem-solving approach. A group considers a specific problem or issue and they work to reach agreement on statements or solutions.

Pros: There is a lot of trainee participation. The trainees build consensus and the trainer can use several methods (lecture, panel, seminar) to keep sessions interesting.

Cons: It can be difficult to control a group. Opinions generated at the conference may differ from the manager¡¦s ideas, causing conflict.

Panel

A panel provides several points of view on a topic to seek alternatives to a situation. Panel members may have differing views but they must also have objective concerns for the purpose of the training. This is an excellent method for using outside resource people.

Pros: Trainees often find it interesting to hear different points of view. The process invites employees to share their opinions and they are challenged to consider alternatives.

Cons: It requires a great deal of preparation. The results of the method can be difficult to evaluate.

Role Playing

During a role play, the trainees assume roles and act out situations connected to the learning concepts. It is good for customer service and sales training.

Pros: Trainees can learn possible results of certain behaviors in a classroom situation. They get an opportunity to practice people skills. It is possible to experiment with many different approaches to a situation without alienating any actual customers.

Cons: A lot of time is spent making a single point. Trainers must be skilled and creative in helping the class learn from the situation. In some role play situations, only a few people get to practice while others watch.

Case Studies

A case study is a description of a real or imagined situation which contains information that trainees can use to analyze what has occurred and why. The trainees recommend solutions based on the content provided.

Pros: A case study can present a real-life situation which lets trainees consider what they would do. It can present a wide variety of skills in which applying knowledge is important.

Cons: Cases can be difficult to write and time-consuming to discuss. The trainer must be creative and very skilled at leading discussions, making points, and keeping trainees on track.

Simulations

Trainees participate in a reality-based, interactive activity where they imitate actions required on the job. It is a useful technique for skills development.

Pros: Training becomes more reality-based, as trainees are actively involved in the learning process. It directly applies to jobs performed after training. Simulations involve yet another learning style, increasing the chance that trainees will retain what they have learned.

Cons: Simulations are time-consuming. The trainer must be very skilled and make sure that trainees practice the skills correctly. Only perfect practice makes perfect.

Projects

Projects require the trainees to do something on the job which improves the business as well as helps them learn about the topic of training. It might involve participation on a team, the creation of a database, or the forming of a new process. The type of project will vary by business and the skill level of the trainee.

Pros: This is a good training activity for experienced employees. Projects can be chosen which help solve problems or otherwise improve the operation. Trainees get first-hand experience in the topic of the training. Little time is needed to prepare the training experience.

Cons: Without proper introduction to the project and its purpose, trainees may think they are doing somebody else¡¦s work. Also, if they do not have an interest in the project or there is no immediate impact on their own jobs, it will be difficult to obtain and maintain their interest.

Common individual training methods include:

Self-discovery

Trainees discover the competencies on their own using such techniques as guided exercises, books, and research.

Pros: Trainees are able to choose the learning style that works the best for them. They are able to move at their own pace and have a great deal of ownership over their learning.

Cons: Trainees can easily get side-tracked and may move slower than the trainer desires. It is also more difficult to measure the employee¡¦s progress.

Movies/videos/computer-based training

Content for the training experience comes primarily from a videotape or computer-based program.

Pros: It is easy to provide this training and the trainer can follow-up with questions and discussion. It is also easy to assure that the same information is presented to each trainee.

Cons: It is expensive to develop. Most trainers choosing this option must purchase the training from an outside vendor, making the content less specific to their needs.

On-the-job training

This is the most common method of training. The trainee is placed on the job and the manager or mentor shows the trainee how to do the job. To be successful, the training should be done according to a structured program that uses task lists, job breakdowns, and performance standards as a lesson plan.

Pros: The training can be made extremely specific to the employee's needs. It is highly practical and reality-based. It also helps the employee establish important relationships with his or her supervisor or mentor.

Cons: Training is not standardized for employees. There is often a tendency to have a person learn by doing the job, providing no real training.

Mentoring

A mentor can tutor others in their learning. Mentors help employees solve problems both through training them in skills and through modeling effective attitudes and behaviors. This system is sometimes known as a buddy system.

Pros: It can take place before, during, or after a shift. It gives the trainee individual attention and immediate feedback. It also helps the trainee get information regarding the business culture and organizational structure.

Cons: Training can be interrupted if the mentor moves on. If a properly trained mentor is not chosen, the trainee can pick up bad habits.

When choosing from among these methods, the trainer must decide which one best suits the trainees, the environment, and the investments available. Many trainers will choose to combine methods or vary them. Others will select a single method that works best for them and never vary. With so many options, a trainer is limited only by his or her creativity.

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